using System;
namespace CalculatorApplication
{
   class NumberManipulator
   {
      // public void swap(ref int x, ref int y)
      public void swap(int x, int y)
      // public void swap(out int x, out int y)
      {
         int temp;

         temp = x; /* 保存 x 的值 */
         x = y;    /* 把 y 赋值给 x */
         y = temp; /* 把 temp 赋值给 y */
       }
   
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         NumberManipulator n = new NumberManipulator();
         /* 局部变量定义 */
         int a = 100;
         int b = 200;

         Console.WriteLine("在交换之前，a 的值： {0}", a);
         Console.WriteLine("在交换之前，b 的值： {0}", b);

         /* 调用函数来交换值, 方式1, 交换后的值不变 */
         // n.swap(a, b);
         /* 调用函数来交换值, 方式2, 成功交换 */
         n.swap(ref a, ref b);
         /* 调用函数来交换值, 方式3 */
         // n.swap(out a, out b);

         Console.WriteLine("在交换之后，a 的值： {0}", a);
         Console.WriteLine("在交换之后，b 的值： {0}", b);
 
         Console.ReadLine();

      }
   }
}

using System;

namespace ArrayApplication
{
   class ParamArray
   {
      public int AddElements(params int[] arr)  // !!!!
      {
         int sum = 0;
         foreach (int i in arr)
         {
            sum += i;
         }
         return sum;
      }
   }
      
   class TestClass
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         ParamArray app = new ParamArray();
         // int [] temp = new int[]{1000, 2, 3, 17, 50};
         // int sum = app.AddElements(temp);
         int sum = app.AddElements(512, 720, 250, 567, 889); // !!!

         Console.WriteLine("总和是： {0}", sum);
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

using System;
namespace BoxApplication{
    class Box{
        public static int num; // 静态成员; 无论有多少个类的对象被创建，只会有一个该静态成员的副本
        private double length;
        private double breadth;
        private double height;
        /* 构造函数 */
        public Box(double len){
            Console.WriteLine("对象已创建");
            length = len;
        }
         /* 析构函数, 当类的对象超出范围时执行, 它不返回值，也不带任何参数
         用于在结束程序（比如关闭文件、释放内存等）之前释放资源
          */
        ~Box(){
            Console.WriteLine("对象已删除");
        }
        /* 成员函数和封装 */
        public void setLength(double len){
            length = len;
        }
        public void setBreadth(double bre){
            breadth = len;
        }
        public void setHeight(double hei){
            height = hei;
        }
        public double getVolume(){
            return length * breadth * height;
        }        
    }
}

//派生类
class Rectangle: Box{
  public int getArea(){ 
     return (length * height); 
  }
  public void Display(){
     Console.WriteLine("长度： {0}", length);
     Console.WriteLine("高度： {0}", height);
     Console.WriteLine("面积： {0}", GetArea());
  }
}

class Tabletop : Rectangle{
  private double cost;
  public Tabletop(double l, double h) : base(l, h){ } // !!!!!!
  public double GetCost(){
     double cost;
     cost = GetArea() * 70;
     return cost;
  }
  public void Display(){
     base.Display();  // !!!!!!
     Console.WriteLine("成本： {0}", GetCost());
  }
}

using System;
namespace InheritanceApplication
{
   class Shape {
      public void setWidth(int w){
         width = w;
      }
      public void setHeight(int h){
         height = h;
      }
      protected int width;
      protected int height;
   }

   // 基类 PaintCost
   public interface PaintCost {
      int getCost(int area);
   }
   // 派生类
   class Rectangle : Shape, PaintCost{
      public int getArea(){
         return (width * height);
      }
      public int getCost(int area){
         return area * 70;
      }
   }
   class RectangleTester{
      static void Main(string[] args){
         Rectangle Rect = new Rectangle();
         int area;
         Rect.setWidth(5);
         Rect.setHeight(7);
         area = Rect.getArea();
         // 打印对象的面积
         Console.WriteLine("总面积： {0}",  Rect.getArea());
         Console.WriteLine("油漆总成本： ${0}" , Rect.getCost(area));
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

using System;
namespace PolymorphismApplication
{
   class Printdata{
      void print(int i){
         Console.WriteLine("Printing int: {0}", i );
      }

      void print(double f){
         Console.WriteLine("Printing float: {0}" , f);
      }

      void print(string s){
         Console.WriteLine("Printing string: {0}", s);
      }
      void print(string s, string s1){
         Console.WriteLine("Printing string: {0} and {1}", s,s1);
      }
      static void Main(string[] args){
         Printdata p = new Printdata();
         // 调用 print 来打印整数
         p.print(5);
         // 调用 print 来打印浮点数
         p.print(500.263);
         // 调用 print 来打印字符串
         p.print("Hello C++");
         // 调用 print 来打印字符串
         p.print("Hello C++","Hello Charon");
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

using System;
namespace PolymorphismApplication
{
   abstract class Shape{
      public abstract int area();
   }
   class Rectangle:  Shape{
      private int length;
      private int width;
      public Rectangle( int a=0, int b=0){
         length = a;
         width = b;
      }
      public override int area (){  //!!!!
         Console.WriteLine("Rectangle 类的面积：");
         return (width * length); 
      }
   }

   class RectangleTester{
      static void Main(string[] args){
         Rectangle r = new Rectangle(10, 7);
         double a = r.area();
         Console.WriteLine("面积： {0}",a);
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace InterfaceApplication{
    // 接口
   public interface ITransactions{
      // 接口成员
      void showTransaction();
      double getAmount();
   }
   
   public class Transaction : ITransactions {  // 继承接口
      private string tCode;
      private string date;
      private double amount;
      public Transaction(){
         tCode = " ";
         date = " ";
         amount = 0.0;
      }
      public Transaction(string c, string d, double a){
         tCode = c;
         date = d;
         amount = a;
      }
      // 必须实现接口的所有方法, 必须和接口的格式一致
      public double getAmount(){
         return amount;
      }
      // 必须实现接口的所有方法, 必须和接口的格式一致
      public void showTransaction(){
         Console.WriteLine("Transaction: {0}", tCode);
         Console.WriteLine("Date: {0}", date);
         Console.WriteLine("Amount: {0}", getAmount());

      }

   }
   class Tester{
      static void Main(string[] args){
         Transaction t1 = new Transaction("001", "8/10/2012", 78900.00);
         Transaction t2 = new Transaction("002", "9/10/2012", 451900.00);
         t1.showTransaction();
         t2.showTransaction();
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

using System;
using first_space;

namespace first_space{
    class abc{
      public void func(){
         Console.WriteLine("Inside first_space");
      }
   }
}
namespace second_space{
   class efg{
      public void func(){
         Console.WriteLine("Inside second_space");
      }
   }
}   
class TestClass{
   static void Main(string[] args){
      abc fc = new abc();  // first_space用了using, 所以不需要指定命名空间中的名称
      second_space.efg sc = new efg(); // seconde_space没用using, 所以需要指定命名空间中的名称
      fc.func();
      sc.func();
      Console.ReadKey();
   }
}

using System;
namespace ErrorHandlingApplication
{
    class DivNumbers{
        int result;
        DivNumbers(){
            result = 0;
        }
        public void division(int num1, int num2){
            try{
                result = num1 / num2;
            }
            catch (DivideByZeroException e){
                Console.WriteLine("Exception caught: {0}", e);
            }
            finally{
                Console.WriteLine("Result: {0}", result);
            }

        }
        static void Main(string[] args){
            DivNumbers d = new DivNumbers();
            d.division(25, 0);
            temperature = Console.ReadLine();
            if(temperature == 0){
                throw (new TempIsZeroException("Zero Temperature found"));
            }
      
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

int[] array = new int[*];
for (int i=0; i < array.Length; i++){
    for(int j = i+1; j < array.Length; j++){
        if (array[j] < array[i]){
            int temp = array[i];
            array[i] = array[j];
            array[j] = temp;
        }
    }
}